Analytical Prototypes for Ocean–Atmosphere Interaction at Midlatitudes. Part I: Coupled Feedbacks as a Sea Surface Temperature Dependent Stochastic Process*

1999 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 697-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. David Neelin ◽  
Wenjie Weng
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Process ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Ocean Atmosphere ◽  
Ocean Atmosphere Interaction ◽  
Atmosphere Interaction

scholarly journals Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly in the Bay of Bengal in 2010

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Shamsad ◽  
MA Farukh ◽  
MJR Chowdhury ◽  
SC Basak
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Bay Of Bengal ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Ocean Atmosphere Interaction ◽  
Atmosphere Interaction ◽  
Sst Anomaly ◽  
Gis Software

Bangladesh is one of the most disaster prone countries in the world and is a victim of frequent natural calamities like tropical cyclones, tornadoes, floods, storm surges and droughts. Sea surface temperature (SST) plays a vital role in determining ocean-atmosphere interaction. In this study we focused on understanding the behavior of SST anomaly prevailed in the region of Bay of Bengal mainly to assume the surface temperature signature for cyclone occurrence. For this study, the observed SST anomaly data were derived from NOAA Coast-watch using a combination of global and regional algorithms. The SST anomaly maps were produced using SAGA-GIS software where the SST lines were fixed at the mean of 30 years data. The AVHRR SST was compared with the climatological SST for the region of Bay of Bengal in 2010. The monthly SST anomaly for 2010 showed average departure of 0.7°C for all the months except June and October. It was found that the anomaly increases about 2°C at the end of September, and in October the basin bears no significant anomaly.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v5i2.14797 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 5(2): 77-80 2012

Sensitivity of MJO Simulation and Predictability to Sea Surface Temperature Variability

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (20) ◽  
pp. 5304-5317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hye-Mi Kim ◽  
Carlos D. Hoyos ◽  
Peter J. Webster ◽  
In-Sik Kang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Phase Relationship ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Forecast Skill ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Coupled Processes ◽  
Forecast Lead Time ◽  
Ocean Atmosphere

Abstract The influence of sea surface temperature (SST) on the simulation and predictability of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) is examined using the Seoul National University atmospheric general circulation model (SNU AGCM). Forecast skill was examined using serial climate simulations spanning eight different winter seasons with 30-day forecasts commencing every 5 days, giving a total of 184 thirty-day simulations. The serial runs were repeated using prescribing observed SST with monthly, weekly, and daily temporal resolutions. The mean SST was the same for all cases so that differences between experiments result from the different temporal resolutions of the SST boundary forcing. It is shown that high temporal SST frequency acts to improve 1) the MJO activity of 200-hPa velocity potential field over the entire Asian monsoon region at all lead times; 2) the percentage of filtered variance of the two leading EOF modes that explain the eastward propagation of MJO; 3) the power of the wavenumber 1 eastward propagating mode; and 4) the forecast skill of MJO, maintaining it for longer periods. However, the MJO phase relationship between MJO convection and SST, as is often the case with many atmosphere-only models, although well simulated at the beginning of forecast period becomes distorted rapidly as the forecast lead time increases, even with the daily SST forcing case. Comparison of AGCM simulations with coupled GCM (CGCM) integrations shows that ocean–atmosphere coupling improves considerably the phase relationship between SST and convection. The CGCM results reinforce that the MJO is a coupled phenomenon and suggest strongly the need of the ocean–atmosphere coupled processes to extend predictability.

scholarly journals Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Interaction and Variability in the Tropical Atlantic Ocean with and without an Annual Cycle

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 5501-5523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan C. Bates
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Annual Cycle ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Tropical Atlantic ◽  
Feedback Mechanisms ◽  
Tropical Atlantic Variability ◽  
Ocean Atmosphere ◽  
Mean State

Abstract Many previous studies point to a connection between the annual cycle and interannual variability in the tropical Atlantic Ocean. To investigate the importance of the annual cycle in the generation of tropical Atlantic variability (TAV) as well as its associated coupled feedback mechanisms, a set of controlled experiments is conducted using a global coupled ocean–atmosphere general circulation model (GCM) in which the climatological annual cycle is modified. An anomaly coupling strategy was developed to improve the model-simulated annual cycle and mean sea surface temperature (SST), which is critical to the experiments. Experiments include a control simulation in which the annual cycle is present and a fixed annual cycle simulation in which the coupled model is forced to remain in a perpetual annual mean state. Results reveal that the patterns of TAV, defined as the leading three rotated EOFs, and their relationship to coupled feedback mechanisms are present even in the absence of the annual cycle, suggesting that the generation of TAV is not dependent on the annual cycle. Each pattern of variability arises from an alteration of the easterly trade winds. Results suggest that it is the presence of these winds in the mean state that is the determining factor for the structure of the coupled ocean–atmosphere variability. Additionally, the patterns of variability persist longer in the simulation with no annual cycle. Most remarkable is the doubling of the decay phase related to the north tropical Atlantic variability, which is attributed to the persistence of the local wind–evaporation–sea surface temperature (WES) feedback mechanism. The author concludes that the annual cycle acts to cut off or interrupt conditions favorable for feedback mechanisms to operate, therefore putting a limit on the length of the event life cycle.

scholarly journals Factors that modulate the seasonal variability of the sea surface temperature of the Eastern Tropical Pacific

2009 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Flores-Morales ◽  
A. Parés-Sierra ◽  
S. G. Marinone
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Seasonal Variability ◽  
Baja California ◽  
Tropical Pacific ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Eastern Tropical Pacific ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Ocean Atmosphere

Se estudiaron los principales factores que modulan la variabilidad estacional de la temperatura superficial del mar (TSM) en el Pacífico Tropical Oriental. Para ello se analizaron las siguientes bases de datos: TSM y viento de la base Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set de 1978 a 1997, campos climatológicos de temperatura y salinidad de LEVITUS y alturas del nivel del mar de los altímetros TOPEX/Poseidon de 1993 a 2002. Como factores locales importantes que modulan esta variabilidad se identificaron: (1) la influencia del Golfo de California junto con el desplazamiento estacional de la Corriente de California, que se extiende desde la boca del Golfo hacia el sur y oeste unos 200 km y por el lado occidental de la península de Baja California hacia el norte aproximadamente 300 km; (2) la influencia del Golfo de Tehuantepec y del Golfo de Papagayo, donde, debido al comportamiento de los vientos, se genera un enfriamiento local de la superficie durante el invierno; (3) surgencias en el Ecuador, frente a Cabo Corrientes y frente a las costas de Baja California; (4) la variación espacial y temporal de la Zona de Convergencia Intertropical y su relación con el ecuador térmico; (5) la propagación de señales remotas y (6) la variación estacional del sistema de corrientes ecuatoriales.

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